amakuru

Nkuko imbonerahamwe yavuzwe haruguru ibigaragaza, ubuso bwa PCB burangiza gusaba bwagiye butandukana cyane mumyaka 20 ishize uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere no kuba hari icyerekezo cyangiza ibidukikije.
1) HASL Yayoboye Ubuntu.Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byagabanutse cyane muburemere nubunini bidatanze imikorere cyangwa kwizerwa mumyaka yashize, ibyo byagabanije gukoresha HASL kurwego runini rufite ubuso butaringaniye kandi ntibikwiriye kubibuga byiza, BGA, gushyira uduce duto dushyirwa mubyobo.Ikirere gishyushye kiringaniza kirangiza gifite imikorere ikomeye (kwizerwa, kugurishwa, gucumbika kwamashyanyarazi menshi hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kubaho) kumateraniro ya PCB hamwe na padi nini hamwe nintera.Nimwe murwego ruhendutse kandi ruboneka kurangiza.Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya HASL ryahinduwe mu gisekuru gishya cya HASL kitarinze gukurikiza amabwiriza ya RoHS hamwe n’amabwiriza ya WEEE, kurangiza ikirere gishyushye biramanuka bigera kuri 20-40% mu nganda z’ibihimbano za PCB kuva ku butegetsi (3/4) muri kariya gace mu myaka ya za 1980.
2) OSP.OSP yari ikunzwe kubera igiciro gito kandi inzira yoroshye kandi ifite co-planar.Biracyakirwa neza kubwibi.Uburyo bwo gutwikira ibinyabuzima bushobora gukoreshwa cyane haba kuri PCB zisanzwe cyangwa PCB zateye imbere nkikibuga cyiza, SMT, ikorera ku kibaho.Iterambere rya vuba kumasahani menshi yububiko bwa organic yemeza ko OSP ihagaze inshuro nyinshi zo kugurisha.Niba PCB idafite aho ihurira nibisabwa bikenewe cyangwa igihe cyo kubaho, OSP izaba inzira nziza yo kurangiza.Nyamara inenge zayo, sensibilité yo gukemura ibyangiritse, igihe gito cyo kubaho, kutitwara neza kandi bigoye kugenzura bidindiza intambwe yayo kugirango ikomere.Bigereranijwe ko hafi 25% -30% ya PCBs ubu ikoresha uburyo bwo gutwikira umubiri.
3) ENIG.ENIG nurangiza ruzwi cyane muri PCBs zateye imbere na PCB zikoreshwa mubidukikije, kubera imikorere myiza yubuso bwumubumbe, kugurishwa no kuramba, kurwanya kwanduza.Benshi mubakora PCB bafite amashanyarazi ya nikel / kwibiza muri zahabu mumashanyarazi yabyo.Utarinze gusuzuma ikiguzi no kugenzura, ENIG izaba inzira nziza ya HASL kandi irashobora gukoreshwa cyane.Electroless nikel / kwibiza zahabu yariyongereye cyane mumyaka ya za 90 kubera gukemura ikibazo cyuburinganire bwikirere gishyushye hamwe no kuvanaho ibinyabuzima bitwikiriye.ENEPIG nka verisiyo ivuguruye ya ENIG, yakemuye ikibazo cya padi yumukara wa electroless nikel / immersion zahabu ariko mugihe ikirihenze.Porogaramu ya ENIG ifite umuvuduko muke kuva izamuka ryibiciro bisimburwa nka Immersion Ag, Immersion Tin na OSP.Bigereranijwe hafi 15-25% ya PCBs muri iki gihe yakira kurangiza.Niba nta guhuza ingengo yimari, ENIG cyangwa ENEPIG nuburyo bwiza cyane mubihe byinshi cyane cyane kuri PCBs hamwe nibisabwa cyane byubwishingizi bufite ireme, tekinoroji igoye, ubwoko bwinshi bwo kugurisha, binyuze mu mwobo, guhuza insinga, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rikwiye, n'ibindi ..
4) Ifeza yo kwibiza.Nkibisimburwa bihendutse bya ENIG, ifeza yibiza ifite imiterere yo kugira ubuso buringaniye, ubwikorezi bukomeye, ubuzima buringaniye.Niba PCB yawe isaba ikibanza cyiza / BGA SMT, gushyira ibice bito, kandi bigomba gukomeza gukora neza-mugihe ufite bije yo hasi, ifeza yo kwibiza ni amahitamo meza kuri wewe.IAg ikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa byitumanaho, ibinyabiziga, hamwe na mudasobwa ya mudasobwa, nibindi .. Kubera amashanyarazi adasanzwe, yakirwa mubishushanyo mbonera.Gukura kwa feza kwibiza biratinda (ariko biracyazamuka) kubera ibibi byo kuba byoroshye kwanduza no kugira ibicuruzwa bigurishwa.Hano hari hafi 10% -15% ya PCBs kurubu ukoresha kurangiza.
5) Amabati.Immersion Tin yinjijwe muburyo bwo kurangiza imyaka irenga 20.Gutanga umusaruro ni moteri nyamukuru ya ISn hejuru yo kurangiza.Nubundi buryo buhendutse bwibisabwa kubutaka busabwa, ibice byiza byo gushyira hamwe no gukanda.ISn irakwiriye cyane cyane itumanaho ryinyuma kuberako ntakintu gishya cyongeweho mugihe cyibikorwa.Tin Whisker na idirishya rigufi rikora ni imbogamizi nyamukuru yo kuyikoresha.Ubwoko bwinshi bwo guterana ntabwo busabwa guhabwa intermetallic layer kwiyongera mugihe cyo kugurisha.Byongeye kandi, gukoresha uburyo bwo kwibiza amabati birabujijwe kubera ko hari kanseri.Bigereranijwe ko hafi 5% -10% ya PCBs ikoresha inzira yo kwibiza.
6) Electrolytic Ni / Au.Electrolytic Ni / Au niyo yatangije tekinoroji yo kuvura PCB.Yagaragaye hamwe nihutirwa ryibibaho byacapwe.Nyamara, igiciro kinini cyane kigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ryacyo.Muri iki gihe, zahabu yoroshye ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nsinga za zahabu mu gupakira chip;Zahabu ikomeye ikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhuza amashanyarazi ahantu hatagurishwa nkintoki za zahabu hamwe nabatwara IC.Umubare wa Electroplating Nickel-zahabu ni 2-5%.